What it is: A 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone (residues 176–191) with a stabilizing tyrosine added to the N-terminus.

Discovered: 1990s, by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals in Australia, building on fat-metabolism research at Monash University. Underwent six human trials before development was discontinued in 2007.

Researched for: Fat-metabolism and lipolysis studies, isolating growth hormone’s fat-oxidation activity from its broader growth effects.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: A synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide modeled on a protective compound identified in human gastric juice.

Discovered: First described in the scientific literature in 1993 by a research team led by Predrag Sikiric at the University of Zagreb, Croatia.

Researched for: Tissue repair, gastrointestinal protection, and wound-healing studies in animal models.

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What it is: A synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), modified for a much longer half-life than the natural hormone.

Discovered: Mid-2000s, by ConjuChem Biotechnologies (Canada); characterized in a 2005 paper by Jette et al. and studied clinically by Teichman et al. in 2006.

Researched for: Sustained growth hormone and IGF-1 secretion studies.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: A synthetic hexapeptide that stimulates growth hormone release by acting on the ghrelin receptor.

Discovered: 1984, by Cyril Bowers and Frank Momany at Tulane University — the first compound in the GHRP family, and part of the research line that led to the 1999 discovery of ghrelin itself.

Researched for: Growth hormone secretion, appetite regulation, and tissue-protection studies.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: The unmodified peptide fragment corresponding to amino acids 176–191 of human growth hormone.

Discovered: 1990s, identified through the same Monash University research that isolated the fat-metabolizing region of GH, later refined into AOD-9604.

Researched for: Fat-metabolism studies isolating GH’s lipolytic segment from its other hormonal effects.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: The full 191-amino-acid growth hormone, identical in sequence to the hormone produced by the human pituitary gland.

Discovered: The gene for human GH was expressed in E. coli by Goeddel and colleagues in 1979; Genentech brought the first recombinant version to market in 1985, replacing the earlier cadaver-derived supply.

Researched for: Growth, metabolism, and body-composition studies.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: An extended, modified analog of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) engineered for greater potency and a longer half-life.

Discovered: IGF-1 was first identified in the 1950s–60s; the LR3 variant was engineered by Australian biotech GroPep in the early 1990s (Francis et al., 1992) to resist the binding proteins that normally limit IGF-1 activity.

Researched for: Cell growth and muscle-tissue signaling studies.

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What it is: A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) found in human plasma.

Discovered: 1973, by biochemist Loren Pickart, who traced it to a factor in younger blood plasma that restored protein activity in aged liver tissue.

Researched for: Wound healing, tissue regeneration, and gene-expression studies.

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What it is: A synthetic pentapeptide that stimulates growth hormone release with high selectivity for the GH pathway alone.

Discovered: Late 1990s, by Novo Nordisk (Raun et al., 1998), derived from GHRP-1 through targeted structural modification.

Researched for: Selective growth hormone secretion studies.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: The shortest active fragment of kisspeptin, a naturally occurring peptide central to reproductive hormone signaling.

Discovered: The parent KISS1 gene was discovered in 1996 by researchers in Hershey, Pennsylvania while studying cancer metastasis suppression; its role in reproductive hormone regulation was established in the years that followed.

Researched for: Neuroendocrine and reproductive hormone signaling studies.

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What it is: A 24-amino-acid E-domain fragment of a mechanically induced splice variant of IGF-1.

Discovered: Late 1990s, by Geoffrey Goldspink and colleagues at University College London, who found this “Mechano Growth Factor” was produced by muscle tissue in direct response to mechanical loading.

Researched for: Muscle satellite cell activation and tissue-repair signaling studies.

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What it is: A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell’s nucleus.

Discovered: 2015, by Changhan Lee and colleagues at the University of Southern California.

Researched for: Metabolic regulation, exercise-response, and insulin-sensitivity studies.

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What it is: A synthetic cyclic peptide derived from the structure of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

Discovered: Developed by Palatin Technologies from research into Melanotan II, a 1980s tanning-peptide candidate, after researchers observed unexpected effects on sexual arousal during testing; first described in the literature in 2003.

Researched for: Melanocortin receptor and central nervous system signaling studies.

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What it is: An investigational triple hormone receptor agonist, acting on GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously.

Discovered: Developed by Eli Lilly (compound code LY3437943); Phase 2 obesity trial results were first published in the New England Journal of Medicine in June 2023.

Researched for: Metabolic, glucose-regulation, and body-composition studies. Remains an investigational compound in ongoing Phase 3 clinical trials.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: An investigational triple hormone receptor agonist, acting on GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously.

Discovered: Developed by Eli Lilly (compound code LY3437943); Phase 2 obesity trial results were first published in the New England Journal of Medicine in June 2023.

Researched for: Metabolic, glucose-regulation, and body-composition studies. Remains an investigational compound in ongoing Phase 3 clinical trials.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.

What it is: A synthetic heptapeptide derived from tuftsin, a naturally occurring immune-system peptide.

Discovered: 1990s, at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences under Nikolai Myasoedov; approved in Russia as a prescription anxiolytic.

Researched for: Anxiolytic, nootropic, and immunomodulatory studies.

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What it is: A synthetic fragment corresponding to the active region of thymosin beta-4, a peptide found in nearly every cell in the body.

Discovered: Thymosin beta-4 was first isolated from thymus tissue between the 1960s and 1981 by Allan Goldstein’s laboratory at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

Researched for: Cell migration, tissue repair, and actin-regulation studies.

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What it is: A stabilized synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).

Discovered: Developed by Theratechnologies (Canada), first synthesized in 1995; approved by the FDA in 2010 under the brand name Egrifta — the only GHRH analog with active FDA approval.

Researched for: GHRH receptor activity and body-composition studies.

Store lyophilized, away from light. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water — use the reconstitution calculator to work out exact volumes for this vial size. Once reconstituted, keep refrigerated and handle with sterile technique.